The Colossal Statue of a Pharaoh Free Essays

Katherine Mordan Art Survey Research Paper Prof. Lindt 10/23/11 The Colossal Statue of a Pharaoh The Colossal Statue of a Pharaoh is a bit of Middle Age Egyptian workmanship and it was the piece that got my attention at the MET. The sculpture was made around 1919b. We will compose a custom article test on The Colossal Statue of a Pharaoh or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now c-1885b. c. to speak to the rule of the twelfth tradition pharaoh Amenemhat II. It is made out of stone, a stone called Granodiorite. It was cut in Aswan and was finished in Memphis close to Cairo. The model is a model in the round, implying that it is a three dimensional figure that is cut out of square. The sculpture has smooth surface and enormous in size. It’s a normous sculpture that raises over a horde of individuals, which includes an image of intensity towards it. I saw that it’s Amenemhat II sitting on his seat; you can see some harm to the figure because of time and moving around of the model. It’s missing a nose and its facial hair. The Pharaoh is wearing a kilt and wearing a belt that has a bull’s tail connected to it. To Egyptians a bull’s tail is an image of their quality as indicated by scientists at the Met. He is wearing a regal head material with a regal cobra representing the ruler’s power. At the foot of the solid shapes s eat is a lot of sacred texts representing it’s significance to the realm. The sculpture was made for the Pharaoh Amenemhat II who controlled in the twelfth administration. This was the most significant period in the center realm, he governed from 1919-1885 b. c. He initially began his rule with his dad and afterward assumed control over a nation that his dad kept stable and monetarily steady. Something that pharaoh Amenemhat II did was lead a military crusade in Syria getting detainees to fabricate pyramids for him. He would likewise directs exchanges with different nations for products, copper, wood , and stones. During this time craftsmanship was picking up fame in Egypt. A portion of the Fine gems made originated from this time. Stone figures like the enormous Sphinx originated from Amenemhat’s time. Quite a while after his rule the figure of the Pharaoh was moved here and there and different rulers would adjust the sculptures highlights to resemble theirs; they would cut their names on the sculpture too. During the hour of the Pharaoh’s in Egypt, the lords ensured that the open realized how ground-breaking they were. They ensured that all their work of art represented what their identity was and what quality they needed to control a realm. Figures, for example, a sphinx, lion, snake, bull’s tail and birds of prey, were figures of solidarity, force and life span. These were images that were utilized in these pieces to speak to the rulers. Since the king’s appeared to be all forceful and incredible the individuals of the nation would proceed to adulate and follow the lords; bringing the king’s force and thriving. The giant sculpture of a Pharaoh speaks to power and quality of an omnipotent ruler of king’s. Amenemhat II needed his open to realize that he was qualified to be the best and that he had the intensity of control. He needed his kin to have confidence in him and accept he would bring thriving. Generally significant of everything is that he needed individuals to realize that no ne could thump him off of his seat; he was the ruler and could do what ever he satisfied. In this kind of society, in Egypt king’s expected to show their open how ground-breaking they were with the goal that individuals couldn't violate their limits and realized they were under severe control. Each social class had to know were they st ood; the rich with rich and the poor working for the rich. This piece truly grabbed my attention because of its enormous size and great point by point structure. It entranced me to consider how this tremendous sculpture was made back in antiquated Egypt and I needed to impart this piece to every other person. Step by step instructions to refer to The Colossal Statue of a Pharaoh, Papers

Teachers in the mediathe movie October Sky Essay Example For Students

Educators in the mediathe film October Sky Essay I should have confidence in the unfortunate ones? On the off chance that I dont Id likely go crazy.(Laura Dern, October Sky) This could ostensibly be the most significant line in the whole film, as I would like to think. This instructor perceives the potential in each understudy, not just the ones with noticeable capacity. This, I would trust, would be the objective of each educator. Instructors have the best blessing on the planet the capacity to help shape an understudies life. Perceived and acknowledged the individual can utilize that to introduce a universe of chances to the individuals who might not have had any. This was valid in October Sky; the Rocket Boys were from a little bombing mining network, where little desires were set on them and even less open doors were accessible. When Derns character was blamed for giving the young men bogus expectations she held her grounds and kept on supporting the young men. This to me is a case of an extraordinary educator, one who will keep on doing what the person believes is correct whether or not it procures her the dissatisfaction with the remainder of the staff. The film October Sky gives a positive portrayal of an instructor. She is a good example, a companion, a wellspring of data, a safeguard, and a warrior. We will compose a custom paper on Teachers in the mediathe film October Sky explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now She is depicted as merciful, understanding, and extremely advantageous in keeping the understudies coordinated toward their objectives. This would appear to state that educators need these characteristics so as to completely identify with their understudies. An instructor can not exclusively be there for enlightening needs, however should likewise remain behind her understudies and be set up to protect their privileges to find themselves. An educator ought to be set up to perceive concealed potential; it is in pretty much every understudy. This is a troublesome undertaking, particularly if the understudy likewise brings extraordinary difficulty, be that as it may, it isn't unimaginable; Derns character understood this. Each instructor will have an understudy in their study hall with shrouded capacity; notwithstanding the understudies opportunities for enormity, the incredible educator will be estimated by her capacity to see the potential inside that understudy. List of sources: n/a .

Same Sex Marriages Essays - LGBT History, Same-sex Marriage

Same Sex Marriages Essays - LGBT History, Same-sex Marriage Same Sex Marriages 11/23/98Same-Sex Marriages(Should it be permitted? Should it include kids?) If a man lies with a man as one lies with a lady, them two have done whatis abominable. They should be executed; their blood will be their responsibility.- Leviticus20:13. Do you not realize that the insidious won't acquire the realm of God? Do notbe tricked: ......homosexual offenders.....will not acquire the realm of God.- 1 Corinthians 6:9-10. Try not to lie with a man as one lies with a lady; that isdetestable.- Leviticus 18:22. As indicated by the Bible same-sex relationships would be improper and evil. Beinggay and adoring someone else is absolutely not illicit, yet joining that couple in marriage isnot just dismissed by the greater part of society yet in addition by Judaism, Christianity and Islam. As aChristian I discover same-sex relationships unsuitable, yet I realize that not all individuals accept inthe Bible and we do have opportunity of religion in the US . Courts in Hawaii would not permit same -sex relationships and that is currently beinglooked at as illegal. Not permitting the relationships oppresses certaingroups that are United States residents and that is unlawful. Despite the fact that I dont affirm of same-sex relationships, as per our laws there isreally no motivation behind why the relationships shouldnt happen. In any case, I do think there should belimitations. Relationships of the equivalent sex ought not include youngsters. There is no naturalway that two individuals of the equivalent sex might have offspring of their own and shouldnot be given care of a youngster or the capacity to embraced a kid. Senator Wilson, California republican is proposing to boycott Second-parentadoptions, which in the past have been affirmed. These guidelines would require maritalstatus to be given to the Department of Social Services. I don't accept that gay guardians will make such a youngster be gay. Be that as it may, all thingsbeing equivalent, I do accept that kid is being de nied of vital, vital two-sexingredients fundamental in child rearing. That it takes a man and a lady to deliver that thirdperson is the most essential verification that a youngster needs both a mother and a daddy. Youngsters who have guardians of the equivalent sex would be intolerable pestered by otherchildren and thought about an untouchable. An honest kid put in a circumstance that would beemotionally distressing for the vast majority of their childhood there is no need. Simply envision what a childwould experience. Billy, which one of your fathers wore the dress in the wedding? orSuzy, which one of your mothers is going to the mother-little girl excursion? Why put kidsin a situation that isn't ethically or socially worthy in todays society? Being gay ought to never bring about being bugged, loathed or harmed. In any case, tragically, beinggay likewise should always mean being unable to wed or embrace. Everything in life has a price.Being childless is a significant expense. Yet, a youngster's essential needs should consistently override the desiresof a grown-up. Kids should consistently precede self. List of sources :Heavenly Bible (NIV) - Leviticus 18:22 - Leviticus 20:13 - 1 Corinthians 6:9Gay relationships ought to be permitted, state judge controls, The Wall Street Journal, Dec. 4, 1996.

Down On The Upside free essay sample

One of Americas most misjudged groups, Soundgarden, delivers one more extraordinary collection. Down on the Upside, their most recent exertion, epitomizes their melodic ability as a band. Their other notable collections badmotorfinger and superknown-helped them break into the standard of hard rock groups, yet this record should put them over the top. It shows all the styles of music they play, punk tunes, for example, dusty and Ty Cobb, Zeppelin anthems like Never the Machine Forever and more tightly and more tightly. This collection has created three recordings on MTV. Soundgarden has now disposed of the simply one more Seattle band mark by putting themselves on another degree of music. Chris Cornells unimaginable voice is clear from the main tune. Kim Thayills creative mind and innovativeness with his guitar sparkles all through this collection. Ben Sheperd and Matt Cameron keep the gather as one with their consistent beat. Tragically for the audience members, Soundgarden separated following 13 years of playing. We will compose a custom exposition test on Down On The Upside or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In the event that you like hard rock, or like one of their past collections, purchase this one, its justified, despite all the trouble

Optimal Hedge Ratios - Free Essay Example

Estimation of Optimal Hedge Ratios (hedging strategies): Naà ¯ve or one-to-one hedge assumes that futures and cash prices move closely together. In this traditional view of hedging, the holding of both the initial spot asset and the futures contract used to offset the risk of the spot asset are of equal magnitude but in opposite direction. In this case the hedge ratio (h) is one-to-one (or unit) (-1) over the period of the hedge. This approach fails to recognize that the correlation between spot and futures prices is less than perfect and also fails to consider the stochastic nature of futures and spot prices and resulting time variation in hedge ratios (Miffre, City University). The beta hedge recognizes that the cash portfolio to be hedged may not match the portfolio underlying the futures contract. With the beta hedge strategy, his calculated as the negative of the beta of the cash portfolio. Thus, for example, if the cash portfolio beta is 1.5, the hedge ratio will be -1.5, since the cash portfolio is expected to move by 1.5 times the movement in the futures contract, where the cash portfolio is that which underlies the futures contract. The traditional strategy and the beta strategy yield the same value for h (Butterworth and Holmes 2001). Minimum Variance Hedge Ratio (MVHR) was proposed by Johnson (1960) and Stein (1961). This approach takes into account the imperfect correlation between spo t and futures markets and was developed by Ederington (1979). According to him, the objective of a hedge is to minimize the risk, where risk is measured by the variance of the portfolio return. The hedge ratio is identified as: h*= ?S,F / ?2F (1) Where, ?S,F is the variance of the futures contract and ?S,F is the covariance between the spot and futures position. The negative sign mean that the hedging of a long stock position requires a short position in the futures market. The relation between spot and futures can be represented as: St = ? + h*Ft + et (2) Eq. (2), which is expressed in levels, can also be written in price difference as: St – St-1 = ? + h*(Ft – Ft-1) + ?t (3) or in price returns as: St – St-1 / St-1 = ? + h*(Ft – Ft-1 / Ft-1) + ?t (4) Eq. (4) can be approximated by: logSt – logSt-1 = ? + h*(logFt – logFt-1) + ?t (5) Eq. (6) can be re-written as: RSt = ? + h*RFt + ?t (6) Where, RSt and RF t are returns on spot and futures position at time t. Equation (2) and (3) assume a linear relationship between the spot and futures while eq. (4)-(6) assumes that two prices follow a log-linear relation. Relative to equation (2)-(3), the hedge ratio represents the ratio of the number of units of futures to the number of units of spot that must be hedged, whereas, relative to eq. (4), hedge ratio is the ratio of the value of futures to the value of spot. (Scarpa and Manera, 2006) Eq. (2) can easily produce auto correlated and heteroskedastic residuals (Ederington, 1979; Myers and Thompson, 1989: cited in Scarpa and Manera, 2006). Due to this reason, some authors suggest the use of eq (3)-(6), so that the OLS classical assumption of no correlation in the error terms is not violated. Empirically, optimal hedge ratio h* can be obtained by simple Ordinary Least Square (OLS) approach, where the coefficient estimates of the futures gives the hedge ratio. This is can only be done when there is no co-integration between spot and futures prices/values and conditional variance-covariance matrix is time invariant (Casillo,XXXX). Even though application of MVHR relies on unrealistic assumptions, it provides an unambiguous benchmark against which to assess hedging performance ( Butterworth and Holmes, 2001). Error Correction Model (ECM) approach for determining optimal hedge ratio takes in to account the important role played by the theory of co-integration between futures and spot market, which is ignored by MVHR (Casillo,XXXX). The theory of co-integration is developed by Engle and Granger (1981), who shows that if two series are co-integrated, there must exist an error correction representation that permits to include both the short-run dynamics and the long-run information. ECM approach augments the standard OLS regression used in MVHR by incorporating error correction term (residual) and lagged variables to capture deviation from the long run equilibriu m relationship and short-run dynamics respectively (XXXXect). The presence of the efficient market hypothesis and the absence of arbitrage opportunity imply that spot and futures are co-integrated and an error correction representation must exist (Casillo,XXXX) of the following form: i=1 j=1 ?St = ?et-1 + Ft + ? ?i?Ft-i + ? ?j?St-j + ut (7) Where, ? is the optimal hedge ratio and et-1 = St-1 – ?Ft-1 All the above mentioned approaches employ constant variance and covariance to measure hedge ratio, which have some problems. The return series of many financial securities exhibit non-constant variance, besides having a skewed distribution. This has been demonstrated by Engle 1982, Lamoureux and Lastrapes 1990, Glosten, Jagannathan and Runkle 1993, Sentana 1995, Lee and Brorsen 1997 and Lee Chen and Rui 2001 (Rose, et al.,2005). Non-constant variance, linked to unexpected events is considered to be uncertainty or risk, and this uncertainty is particularly importa nt to investors who wish to minimize risks. In order to cope with these problems, Engle (1982) introduced the Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (ARCH) model to estimate conditional variance. It takes into account changing variance over time, by imposing an autoregressive structure on the conditional variance. Bollerslev, Engle and Wooldridge (1988) expanded the univariate GARCH described above to a multivariate dimension to simultaneously measure the conditional variance and covariance of more than one time series. Thus, the multivariate GARCH model is applied to calculate a dynamic hedge ratio that varies over time based upon the variance-covariance between time series. (Rose, et al.,2005) Finally, other researchers have proposed more complex techniques and some special case of the above techniques for the estimation of the OHR. Among these we mention the random coefficient autoregressive offered by Bera et al. (1997), the Fractional Cointegrated Error Correction mod el by Lien and Tse (1999), the Exponentially Weighted Moving Average Estimator by Harris and Shen (2002), and the asymmetric GARCH by Brooks et al. (2002). (Casillo,XXXX) Despite the existence of massive literature on all the above approaches, no unanimous conclusion has been reached regarding the superiority of a particular methodology for determining the optimal hedge ratio. However, it would be wise to suggest that the choice of a strategy for deriving optimal hedge ratio should be based on the subjective assessment to be made in relation to investor preferences (Butterworth and Holmes, 2001). Development of Research: Figlewski (1984) conducted the first analysis of hedging effectiveness of stock index futures in US. He examined the hedging effectiveness for Standard and Poors 500 stock index futures against the underlying portfolio of five major stock indexes for the period June 1, 1982 to September 20, 1983. All five indexes represented diversified portfolio, however they were different in character from one another. Standard and Poors 500 index and New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) Composite included only the largest capitalization stocks. The American Stock Exchange composite (AMEX) and the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation System (NASDAQ) index of over-the-counter stocks contained only small companies which somewhat move independently of the Standard and Poors index. Finally, the Dow Jones portfolio contained only 30 stocks of very large firms. Return series for the analysis included dividend payments as risk associated with dividends on the portfolio is presumably one of many sources that give rise to basis risk in a hedges position. However, it was found that their inclusion did not alter the results. Consequently, and given the relatively stable and predictable nature of dividends, subsequent studies have excluded dividends. Figlewski used beta hedge and minimum variance hedge strategies and showed that the latter can be estimated by Ordinary Least Square (OLS) approach using historical data. He found that for all indexes hedge performance using minimum variance hedge ratio (MVHR) was better than beta hedge ratio was used. MVHR resulted in lower risk and higher return. When MHHR was uses, risk was reduced by 70%-80% for large capitalization portfolios. However, hedging performance was considerably reduced for smaller stocks portfolios. Also, hedging performance was better for once week and four week hedges when compared with overnight hedges. Figlewski (1885) studies hedging effectiveness of three US index futures (SP500, NYSE Composite and Value Line Composite Index (VLCI)) in hedging five US indices (SP500, NYSE Composite, AMEX Composite, NASDAQ and DJIA). Data was collected for 1982. He analyzed the hedging effectiveness for the holding period ranging from one day to three weeks using the standard deviation of the hedged position, divided by the standard deviation of the un-hedged position, as a measure of assessing hedging effectiveness. Hedge ratios were derived using beta strategy and MVHR. Assuming constant dividends, the weekly returns of each of the five indices were regressed on the on the returns of the indices underlying the three futures. Daily data was used to compute ex post risk-minimizing hedge ratios. In nearly every case, risk-minimizing hedge ratio outperformed the other in terms of hedging effectiveness, for both types of hedge ratio it was found that the hedges under a week were not very effective. It was also found that hedging was more effective for the SP500, NYSE Composite and the DJIA th an for NASDAQ and AMEX Composite. In other words, once again, portfolios of small stocks were hedged less effectively than were those comprising large stocks. Junkas and Lee (1985) used daily spot and futures closing prices for the period 1982 to 1983 for three US indices: SP500, NYSE Composite and VLCI. They investigated the effectiveness of various hedging strategies, including the MVHR and the one-to-one hedge ratio. This was done for each index using data for a month to compute the hedge ratio used during that same month in hedging the spot value of the corresponding index. MVHRs were computed by regressing changes in the spot price on changes in the futures price. The average MYHR was 0.50, whike the average effectiveness, as measured by variance of un-hedged position minus variance of hedged position divided by variance of un-hedged position (HE), was 0.72 for the SP500 and the NYSE Composite, and 0.52 for the VLCI. The effectiveness of the one-to-one hedge ratio was poor, leading to an increase in risk for the VLCI and the NYSE Composite, and an effectiveness measure of 0.23 for the SP500. In other words, MVHR was found to be most effective in reducing the risk of a cash portfolio comprising the index underlying the futures contract. There was little evidence of a relationship between contract maturity and effectiveness. Peters (1986) examined the use of SP500 futures to hedge three share portfolios; the NYSE Composite, the DJIA and the SP500 itself. MVHR and beta hedge strategy was applied to the data for the period 1984 to 1985. For each of the portfolio, MVHR gave a hedged position with a lower risk that did beta. Graham and Jennings (1987) were first to examine hedging effectiveness for cash portfolios not matching an index. They classifies US companies into nine categories according to their betas and dividend yield. For each beta-dividend yield category, ten equally weighted portfolios of ten shares each were constructed. Weekly returns w ere computed for each portfolio for 1982-83. They then investigated the performance of SP500 futures in hedging these portfolios for periods of one, two and four weeks. Three alternative hedge ratios were uses: one to one, bets and MVHR. The MVHR produced hedged positions with returns that were about 75% higher than for the other two hedge ratios. The measure of hedging effectiveness HE ranged from 0.16 to 0.33. For the one and the two week hedges, the MVHR hedge was more effective, that is, had a higher HE value. Morris (1989) investigated the performance of SP500 futures in hedging the risk of a portfolio of the largest firms in the NYSE. The data was monthly from 1982 to 1987. The MVHR was estimated using data for the entire period, and gave a HE value of 0.91. Lindhal (1992) investigated hedge duration and hedge expiration effects for the MMI and SP 500 future contract. Results showed that MVHR increased towards unity with an increase in the hedging duration. For SP 500 he dge ratios were found to be 0.927, 0.965 and 0.970 for one, two and four week hedge duration, respectively. It was concluded that hedge ratio and hedging effectiveness increase as duration increase. Lindhals examination of the hedge expiration effect is based on the fact that future prices converge towards spot prices as expiration approaches. According to him MVHR can be expected to converge towards the naà ¯ve hedge ratio if future prices also exhibit less volatility when approaching expiration. It was concluded that there was no obvious pattern in terms of risk reduction in relation to time to expiration. Unlike previous studies which only investigate ex post hedging effectiveness, Holmes (1995) became the first individual in UK to examine the hedging effectiveness of FTSE-100 stock index futures contract using Ex Ante Minimum Variance Hedge Ratio strategy. The cash portfolio being hedged mirrored FTSE-100 stock index. Data for spot and future series was collected for the per iod July 1984 to June 1992 for hedging duration of one and two weeks. The results also demonstrated the superiority on MVHR over beta hedges and showed that ex ante hedge strategy resulted in risk reduction of over 80%. Greater risk reduction was also shown to be achieved by estimating hedge ratios over longer periods. Holmes(1996) examined the ex post hedging effectiveness for the same data and return series used in the earlier study (1995) and showed that the standard OLS estimated MVHR provided the most effective hedge when compared to beta hedge strategy, error correction method and GARCH estimation. Results also suggested increase in hedging effectiveness with increase in hedging duration. This can be explained as variance of returns increases with an increase in the duration, resulting in the reduction of the proportion of the total risk accounted for by the basis risk. Butterworth and Holmes (2001) provided an unprecedented insight in to the hedging effectiveness of inv estment trust companies (ITCs) using Mid250 and FTSE100 stock index futures contract ,the former being introduced in February 1994 with an aim to provide better hedging for small capitalization stocks. Analysis is based on daily and weekly hedge durations for the cash and future return data of thirty-two ITCs and four indices for the period of February 1994 to December 1996. FTSE100 index futures and FTSE Mid250 index futures are used to hedge cash positions. Apart from well established OLS approach, consideration is also given to Least Trimmed Squares (LTS) approach for estimation which involves trimming of regression by excluding the outliers. Four hedging strategies including traditional hedge, beta hedge, minimum variance hedge and composite hedge were compared on the basis if within sample performance. Composite hedge ratio was generated by considering returns on synthetic index futures formed by weighted average of returns on FTSE100 and FTSE-Mid250 contracts. Results demonstr ated that traditional and beta hedge performed worst. MVHR strategy for daily and weekly hedges using Mid250 contracts outperformed the same strategy using FTSE100 contacts in terms of risk reduction for ITCs. However the superiority of Mid250 over FTSE100 is significantly less for cash portfolios based on broad market indexes. The composite hedge strategy demonstrated only minor improvements over results of the Mid250 contract. The LTS approach suggested similar results as OLS. Seelajaroen (2000) attempted to investigate the hedging effectiveness of All Ordinance Share Price Index (SPI) to reduce price risk of All Ordinary Index (AOI) portfolio in the Australian financial market. Hedging effectiveness was investigated for one, two and four week hedge duration. Hedge ratios were generated by using Workings model and the Minimum variance model and their effectiveness was determined by comparison with naà ¯ve strategy. Data for the analysis consisted if daily closing prices of the SPI and API for the period January 1992 to July 1998. Minimum variance model consisted of both ex post and ex ante approach. Results demonstrated superiority of both Workings model and Minimum variance model over naà ¯ve hedge strategy. Workings strategy was found to be more effective in long run, however, in short run the strategy is more sensitive to basis level used in the decision rule. Minimum variance strategy was also found to be highly effective, as even the standard use of the hedge ratio derived from past data was able to achieve risk reduction of almost 90%. Also, longer duration hedges were found to be more viable than short duration hedges and finally effects of time expiration on hedge ratio and effectiveness was found be ambiguous. DATA METHODOLOGY: This paper examines the cross hedging effectiveness of five of the worlds most actively traded Stock Index Futures to reduce the risk of KSE100 index. The 5 stock index futures include SP500, NASDAQ100, FTSE100, HANG SENG and NIKKEI 225. All 5 stock index futures and KSE100 index are arithmetic weighted indexes, where the weights are market capitalization. Analysis is based on daily and weekly hedge durations by using spot and futures return data for the period commencing from 1st January 2003 to 31st July 2008. Due to problems of sample size hedge durations of more than one week are not considered. Each daily return series consists of 1457 observations, out of which last 157 (from 1st January 2008 to 31st July 2008) are used to calculate out of sample (ex ante) hedging performance. Each weekly series consists of 292 observations, out of which last 31 (from 1st January 2008 to 31st July 2008) are used to measure ex ante hedging performance. The return series for each index is calcu lated as a logarithmic value change: Rt = logVt – logVt-1 (2) Where, Rt is the daily or weekly return on either the spot or futures position and Vt is the value of the index at time t. Value is the daily or weekly closing value of all 6 indexes. All data was obtained from Datastream. Two hedging strategies are considered. First, is the MVHR, and the second, is an extension of the first strategy by applying the theory of co-integration, formally known as Error Correction Model. MVHR is estimated by regressing spot returns (KSE 100 in this case) on futures returns using historical information: RSt = ? + bRFt + et (3) Where, RSt is the return on KSE100 index in time period t; RFt is the return on the futures contract in the time period t; et is the error term and ? and b are regression parameters. Value of b is obtained after running the above regression in e-views, which is the hedge ratio h* shown earlier in equation 1. This hedge ratio is used in furt her calculation for determining risk reduction. Effectiveness of minimum variance hedge is determined by examining the percentage of risk reduced by the hedge (Ederington, 1979; Yang, 2001). Consequently, hedging effectiveness is measured by the ratio of the variance of the un-hedged position minus the variance of the hedged position, divided by the variance of the un-hedged position (Floros, Vougas 2006). Var(u) = ?2s (4) Var(h) = ?2s + h2?2F – 2h?S,F (5) Hedging Effectiveness (HE) = (Var(u) Var(h)) / Var(u) (6) Where, Var(u) is the variance on un-hedged position (KSE100); Var(h) is the variance on the hedged position; ?S ?F are standard deviation on spot (KSE100) and futures returns respectively; h is the value of hedge ratio (b in equation 3); and ?S,F is the covariance between spot and future returns. Error Correction Model (ECM) approach requires testing for co-integration. The return series are checked for co-integration by following a simple two step a pproach suggested by Engle and Granger. Consider two time series Xt and Yt, both of which are integrated of order one (i.e. I(1)). Usually, any linear combination of Xt and Yt will be I(1). However, if there exists a linear combination (Yt – ?Xt) which is I(0), then according to Engle and Granger, Xt and Yt are co-integrated, with the co-integrating parameter ?. Generally, if Xt is I(d) and Yt is I(d) but their linear combination (Yt – ?Xt) is I(d-b), where b0 then Xt and Yt are said to be co-integrated. Co-integration conjoins the long-run relationship between integrated financial variables to a statistical model of those variables (XYZ,200N). In order to test for co-integration, it is essential to check that each series is I(1). Therefore, the first step, is to determine the order of integration of each series. Order of integration is determined by testing for unit root by using Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test. A variable Xt is I(1), if it requires differenc ing once to make it stationary. The null of unit root is rejected when probability is less than the critical level of 5%. Then the following OLS regression is estimated: RSt = ? + bRFt + et Where, variables are same as equation 3. Empirical existence of co-integration is tested by constructing test statistics from the residuals of the above equation. If two series are co-integrated then et will be I(0). This is found by testing the residuals for unit root by using ADF test. The null of unit root is rejected if probability is less than 5%. Once it is established that the series are co-integrated, their dynamic structure can be exploited for further investigation in step two. Engle and Granger show that co-integration implies and is implied by the existence of an error correction representation of the series involved. Error correction model (ECM) abstracts the short- and long-run information in modeling the data(XYZ,200N). The relevant ECM to be estimated for generation of the optimal hedge ratio is given by: j=1 i=1 RSt = ?et-1 + ?RFt + ? ?iRFt-i + ? ?jRSt-j + ut (7) Where, et-1 is the error correction term and n and m are large enough to make ut white noise; ? is the hedge ratio. The appropriate values of n and m are chosen by the Akaike information criterion (AIC) (Akaike1974). In short, returns on KSE100 are regressed on futures returns and residuals are collected by using OLS. ECM with appropriate lags is estimated by the OLS in the second stage. Next phase is to determine the superiority of the two models MVHR and ECM, which were used to obtain the hedge ratios b and ? respectively. This is achieved by conducting Wald Test of Coefficient on model (7). If anyone of the lags in model 7 turn out to be significant, then optimal hedge ratio obtained through model (7) will be superior then hedge ratio obtained through model (3). Hence, signaling the superiority of ECM over MVHR. The significance is tested by a hypothesis, where: Ho= C(1)=C(2)†¦=C(i)=0 H1 = C(1)=C(2)†¦=C(i)?0 The null is rejected if the probability of Chi-square statistic is less than the critical value of 5%. Lastly, the superior hedge ratio will be used to determine ex ante performance. The hedging effectiveness of the superior hedge ratio will be based on the measure of risk reduction achieved through equation (6).

The Question What I Have Learned From The Book (The Core) - 550 Words

The Question: What I Have Learned From The Book (The Core) (Essay Sample) Content: The CoreNameInstitutionThe CoreThe core is a book, which is used to explain the application of the sociological principles in the circumstances of the real world. For the application to be possible, it is necessary for people to develop a sociological consciousness so that they can determine how they will apply the different principles to make their lives better. According to Hughes and Kroehler, sociology has to interact with the experiences of the people, whether difficulties, failures or achievements. I agree with the authors since various factors such as class conflict, power, dependent variables and others influence the experiences of different people in life. For the social principles to apply to different people, the study of micro sociology, which is detailed research on reactions of people in different lives (Hughes and Kroehler, 2013). Therefore, the study of sociology helps understand the different sectors of human life and interaction with the surrounding .What I found most interesting in the chapters is that they all revolve around issues that affect human life whether directly or indirectly. The authors start with developing a sociological consciousness, which makes the reader, be aware of what sociology is and how it is important in their lives. The social structure and culture are the most contributing factors, and they determine all other areas of social life of the human beings. The social principles determine the family and its status in the society and their reaction to other factors such as social groups, formal organizations and gender inequalities. Other factors are explained which determine the operation of the society such as social stratification. Ranking the different groups such as high or low class explains issues such as gender inequality, crime, and deviance. It is interesting that the chapters explain each other and how each social principle affects the others.The new thing I learn from The Core is that social str atification determines economic and political power. Social stratification is the segregation in the society according to the social status of the people. There are those who are ranked as of low social class while others are of the high-class level. Economic and political power is mostly concentrated among the high-class people since they are recognized as capable of being able to take care of society much better and improve the situation. Deviance and crime is found among the low ...

The Role of the Antagonists in the Short Stories Where...

Like all great stories throughout time, a compelling villain is the key to making a story worthwhile. In short stories like, â€Å"Where have you been, where are you going,† and, â€Å"Love in LA,† a though provoking antagonist was used by the authors to really give the stories some depth. The antagonist of, â€Å"Where have you been†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Arnold Friend takes on the persona of temptation to the protagonist Connie and really emphasizes the theme of be careful what you wish for. Connie was a young girl who repeatedly met up with older more mature boys; but one day Arnold Friend arrives at her house and coerces her to leave with him. The story abruptly stops there leaving the reader hoping for more. The antagonist of, â€Å"Love in LA†, Jake, an unemployed dreamer,†¦show more content†¦Arnold could be the Devil, while Jake could be the snake, and Arnold resorted to premeditated stalking to win over Connie while Jake just unexpectedly met Marianna, and finally Arnold tried to coerce Connie to come with him by promising her love and cars, etc.. and Jake just flat out lied to win over Marianna. When first reading the book, â€Å"Love in LA†, the name Jake seemed reminiscent of snake, and snake could loosely be connected to the story of Adam and Eve, or temptation. Now many could also argue that in,†Where have you been†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , the character Arnold Friend could in fact be the devil himself. While describing Arnold Friend, the author said, â€Å" One of his boots was at a strange angle. It pointed out at the left, bent at the ankle.† (pg 90) In most depictions of the devil, the character usually has hooves, so instead of feet stuffed oddly into his boots, could they in fact be the hooves of the devil? Even though Jake wasn’t portrayed as the devil in, â€Å"Love in LA,† he could still be a biblical character. â€Å" He made up a last name and address and wrote down the name of an insurance company an old girlfriend once belonged to.†(63) Like the biblical snake in the Garden of Eden, Jake showcases his sly, untrustworthy side. Both of the characters take on the personas of temptation and mischief to finally get what they want in the end of their stories. In addition to having an underlying biblical meaning, both storiesShow MoreRelatedThe White Man s Burden By Rudyard Kipling10612 Words   |  43 Pages‘Since freedom is our natural state, we are not only in possession of it but have the urge to defend it’ Étienne De La Boà ©tie Take up the White Man s burden– Ye dare not stoop to less– Nor call too loudRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesmymanagementlab is an online assessment and preparation solution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesrequest to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Robbins, Stephen P. Organizational

Ethical Complications of Genetic Engineering and Eugenics...

Genetic engineering is currently the fastest growing and perhaps most controversial field of science. Genetic engineering is decoding and manipulating DNA to use for scientific and medical purposes. The discovery that human cells can be grown in a petri dish has opened up breathtaking possibilities for curing disease - and a morass of ethical complications (Allen 9). Genetic engineering has already started to be most helpful in the field of medicine. The map of the human genome offers many cures and potentially successful medical procedures. By creating artificial chromosomes, scientists may be able to replace diseased inherited traits with functional ones. Determining the genetic make up of viruses such as the HIV virus that†¦show more content†¦Charles Darwin published The Origin of Species in 1859. In this book, he explained his theory of natural selection which is that members of species with the most desired (best-fit) traits will survive and reproduce. Eugenicists took Darwins ideas of natural selection and applied them to society and the human race. Some American and German scientists agreed the human race could be cleansed by means of artificial selection and sterilization (Proctor 10-15). In Germany, eugenics became focused on racial hygiene and was transformed into genocide. In the beginning, Nazis targeted people with handicaps or mental illnesses, those who they felt had real, medical justifications to be killed. In Grafeneck, Germany in 1940 approximately 10,000 mentally handicapped people or people with mental diseases were killed with toxic gas in the course of the Nazi euthanasia program (Wunder 1). After this they moved on to other groups that they believed tainted their Aryan race. The Nazis fabricated scientific reasons for killing gypsies, Jews, blacks, and Jehovahs witnesses along with the handicapped, saying that their brains were smaller and that they were inferior. The Holocaust was the extreme case of a groupShow MoreRelatedHuman Genetic Engineering At The Germ Line Of A Family1267 Words   |  6 PagesContinuous advancements have been made in these fields, and thus contribute to human genetic engineering. The method of pre-implantation genetic diagnosis, also known as embryonic screening, allows parents at risk of transmitting a genetic disease to ensure their future children are unaffected by the disease. Some say that it would be greatly favorable for parents to have the ability to avoid passing on a genetic disease. While there is potential to eliminate many diseases, it also has an equallyRead MoreConcerns with Mitochondrial Replacement Essay1240 Words   |  5 Pagestechniques have only been used on animal subjects such as rhesus monkeys and mice and human zygotes that were abnormally fertilized (unipronuclear or tripronuclear) (Craven at el. 82). Because PNT and MST were used on animals- which does not have the same genetic makeup as humans- and abnormal human zygotes it is impossible to know exactly what effect the procedure will have on a human offspring. According to Reinhardt, Dowling, and Morrow, â€Å"safety studies in humans have only tracked health through blastocystsRead MoreGenetically Modified Babies Essay1065 Words   |  5 Pagesthe father, nuclear DNA from the mother, and mitochondrial DNA from a donor (Hayden, 2008). For many people this concept illustrates several ethical issues and there have been suggestions of it being a type of genetic engineering for ‘designer babies’ and a negative eugenic practice (Collins, 2013). Mitochondrial disease is a devastating, incurable genetic disorder that is maternally inherited and effects around 1 in 5000 of the population (Gorman et al, 2015). While the majority of DNA in humansRead MoreTaking a Look at Genetic Engineering1007 Words   |  4 PagesGenetic Engineering With the breakthrough of scientific discoveries in recent decades, humans have attained progressively more power over Mother Nature. Specifically, genetic engineering has allowed for the modification of the genetic makeup of humans. While the power to modify genes sounds great and many possibilities, it also burdens mankind with many ethical issues. Although genetic engineering in humans is acceptable under some circumstances it is unacceptable and unethical in others. OnRead MorePros And Cons Of Genetic Engineering1662 Words   |  7 PagesGenetic engineering is the process whereby new DNA is added or existing DNA is altered in an organism s genome. This may involve changing one base pair (A-T or C-G) or deleting entire sections of DNA or adding additional copies of a gene. 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In 1996, a female sheep named Dolly became the first mammal to ever be successfully cloned; but the accomplishment of cloning Dolly came fromRead More Gene Therapy : Ethics, Progress, and Future Essay3339 Words   |  14 PagesThe Factor of Gene Therapy: the Ethics, Progress, and Future Abstract Erasing genetic diseases from the human race has been a vital role in science. However, there is a point where the moral standards have interrupted the advancement of curing genetic diseases. One of the many sciences that have the ability to completely wipe out the future of any genetic diseases, gene therapy, is being stifled due to the infliction of morals. There is a fine line in what is inhumane and moral to the standardsRead MoreBreaking the Confines of DNA3203 Words   |  13 Pagesof this technology are astronomical. The Human race could gain so much from just a little more research. Genetic engineering should be practiced, funded, and perfected because the potential benefits are well worth the risks associated with it. The technology for altering the genes of an organism has been around for decades. Now there are many questions about this technology: Is it ethical to completely change an organism to suit the needs of man? Is it worth the risk? Is it cost effective? WhatRead MoreGenetic Engineering : The Uncertain Future2161 Words   |  9 PagesGenetics: The Uncertain Future Is Near Janio A Perez Rutgers Newark SN EOF August 1st, 2014 Abstract Genetic engineering is looked as a future technology but the future is fast approaching. There are many benefits of genetic engineering, such as curing diseases and creating a more intelligent population, but there are also dangers of genetic engineering, such as disrupting the human genome, and creating more social imbalance. Genetic engineering has been tested and proven to be effective in repairingRead MoreWhy Should Genetic Engineering Be Extended?1798 Words   |  8 Pages Genetic Engineering AOS 3 – SAC 2 IMMANUEL. A| BIOLOGY | 9/10/2017â€Æ' Research Question: To what extent should genetic engineering be extended to humans? And what are the biological/social/legal/ethical/religious implications that arise due to Genetic engineering? Introduction Genetic engineering is the process whereby new DNA is added or existing DNA is altered in an organism s genome. This may involve changing one base pair (A-T or C-G) or deleting entire sections of DNA or adding additional

Drug And Medicine Of The Medical Field And Classification...

A drug is any material that modifies the central nervous system, brain chemistry or bodily functions. There is no single definition since there are different definitions of the word drug, with regard to medicine, government and street usage. Dictionary.com gives the drug meaning as a chemical substance used in the treatment, cure, prevention, or diagnosis of disease or used to otherwise enhance physical or mental well-bein. pharmacotherapy is an important part of the medical field and relies on the science of pharmacology for continual advancement and on pharmacy for suitable department. The world of drug is huge; it has a great history, so it should have classified ; scientists’ efforts in this field and classification of medicine. Drug is existed form ancient ages in different cultures. Types of drugs in increase because there is increase and development. scientists found a lot about drug and medicine in cultures as ancient Egyptians such Ebers papyrus book in 1550 BC, Old Indian ayruveda book and chinese medicine. There are a lot of authors of antiquity such as Hippocrates and Dioscorides. In the Islamic era they found book written by Ibn al Tabari, one else by Ibn Sina canon Of medicine and another one by Ibn Albaytar (1148-1197) Jame-al-Muffradat. As the huge amounts of drugs and complexity drscribtion of medicine scientists tried to classify drug and medicine . Historically, drugs were discovered through identifying theShow MoreRelatedHealth And The Changing View Of Healthy Health1015 Words   |  5 Pageshow the perfect individual is supposed to look, and will discuss how the image shows the advancement in medicine and drugs being developed to cure or try to remove certain unwanted qua lities. Many things have changed from the past towards the view of health and being healthy. The idea of better health and promoting better health varies in what is advertised, as there are different classifications of healthy among males and females. Males find better health to be achieved through exercise and physicalRead MoreA Revision Of The Controlled Substances Act Essay2136 Words   |  9 PagesAct Drug abuse and misuse are prominent problems in the United States, whether the issue is with trafficking, overdoses causing death, illegal recreational use in adolescents, or even improper prescriptions by medical professionals leading to physiological dependence. The formerly listed problems stem from outdated, yet current, classification system of drugs in the Controlled Substances Act (CSA). The â€Å"Heroin Epidemic† is an example of a problem concerning improper prescribing in medical practice;Read MoreWhos in Charge of the Store? 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Ritalin, classified by the Drug Enforcement Administration as a Schedule II narcotic, helps to increase the ability of a person to pay attention, to remain to focus on

Psychology - 1586 Words

Section One – 1 When psychology first began to become a science in 1860, it was more of a field of philosophy than an actual medical study. It dealt with a more abstract concept than other medical fields; the human body is something concrete that you can physically look at and study whereas, at the time, you could not physically see the mind. In Ancient Greece thinkers such as Aristotle and Plato could only come up with theories as to how the mind works. Plato believed that some knowledge is innate while Aristotle believed that the ability to learn depended on experience, however neither were able to prove their theories with concrete evidence. As time went on and psychology became more widely known, more theoretical approaches to†¦show more content†¦The lack of acquisition could lead to the extinction of the conditioned response. It is also possible for the conditioned response to become extinct but the little girl may one day spontaneously recover her fear of s piders. It is also possible that she could develop a fear of all spiders or possibly all insects as she generalizes her fear. Or she could only develop a fear of tarantulas specifically, which would be stimuli discrimination. Section Five – 10 Classical conditioning is when a neutral stimulus causes a response when paired with a stimulus that naturally cases a response. Operant conditioning is a type of learning where the consequences of a behavior determine if that action will be repeated. Both classical conditioning and operant condition have stimuli that enforces a behavior, yet the main difference is that in classical condition the learning is not up to the individual but in operant condition the learned behavior is in the hands of the individual. Ivan Pavlov was the main contributor to classical conditioning. While studying the amount of saliva dogs had to certain foods, he noticed that the dogs would salivate while in the harness in anticipation for the food. He then conducted an experiment where he used a bell as he gave the dogs their food and he conditioned them to salivate when hearing the bell. The only limitation to classicalShow MoreRelatedPsychology : Psychology And Psychology162 7 Words   |  7 Pagescovers the many questions we may have about psychology. It starts with the history and how it has changed throughout the years. It covers some of the many subfields and jobs you can have as a psychologist. It also covers the four big ideas that are associated with psychology. There are many more topics and sub-topics that will be covered within this paper on chapter 1. Section 1-1 Psychological Science is born: This section shows how the heart of psychology changes over time. 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Issues Related Big Data

Question: Discuss the Issues related Big Data? Answer: Introduction: Bettencourt, (2014) presumed that big data is one of the evolving term that helps in doing the descriptions various exponential growth as well as various availability of different data in the both structured as well as unstructured manner. Big data also helps in doing the accurate decision-making. Moreover, Bulbulia, Sibley Wilson, (2014) articulated the definition of big data into the 3 Vs: Velocity, Volume and Variety. Furthermore, big data is also described by using large nature if data sets that cannot be analyze with the help of traditional tools of data processing. Apart from this, some of the primary difficulties depending on big data are storage, sharing, searching and the visualization of various data. Big data becomes identical with various other business concepts like data mining, analytics as well as business intelligence. Background of the study: In this research paper it mainly discusses about the company M-Global doing the feasibility analysis focusing on various issues like economic, Legal, Social as well as ethical issues based on the selected topic of Big data. Researchers also do incorporation of related data sets, real time data, archival of data as well as various unstructured data which basically known as big data. Moreover, big data includes the incorporation of various challenges depending from the technical to the conceptual framework of data. Apart from this, it also deals with the various use of prediction of analysis of various methods in doing the extraction of values from the particular data. Now days big data plays a vital role to maintain large amount of both structured as well as unstructured data from doing the transaction of data to the various government regulations. Rationale of the study: In this particular research study, it mainly evolves with various social, economical, legal as well as ethical issues depending on big data. Moreover, it also discusses about the overall sizes of data sets that becomes one of the large part of the equation of data sets (Couldry Powell, 2014). It mainly involves with various feasibility analyses of big data focusing on different aspects and discusses about the large nature of data sets that becomes very difficult to maintain that large nature of data sets. Now days with the advancement of various technologies, it also discusses about the correlation of big data relation to various nature of issues associated with big data (Dhar, 2014). Therefore, most of the companies like IBM are using big data in order to maintain their all data bases as well as data sets. This particular study also focuses on various issues concerning with big data based on the different functions of M-Global. Research aims and objectives Aims of the research study: The research aim of this particular study is to do the investigation of various economical, legal, social as well as ethical issues regarding the implementation of big data. The primary aim of this study mainly helps in doing the examination of various potential issues of the implementation of big data. it also includes the recommendation of various appropriate methods in doing the resolution of various issues regarding the big data implementation. Objectives of the research study To investigate the economical, social, legal and ethical issues of implementing big dataanalytic tools To examine potential issues regarding big data implementation in warehousing To recommend appropriate methods for resolving the issues that relates to big data implementation Research questions What are the economical, legal, social and the ethical issues in doing the implementation of big data? What are the appropriate methods to resolve the issues related to big data implementation? What are the potential issues that concerning the big data implementation? Literature review In this particular research paper, it does the identification as well as examination of various legal, social, economical and ethical issues based on the implications of big data. Moreover, with the identification of these issues as well as understanding of various positive and negative externalities by the big data it discusses about technological impacts of big data. The practices of big data mainly deal with various data from the different people as well as all these human elements reflect various social as well as moral codes in doing the business. This particular paper also offers the analysis of various opportunities in the relation to big data as well as various issues concerning the big data in the case of examining the opportunities. Economical issues associated with Big Data: Big data does the implication of various economic issues that have both the positive as well as negative impacts. However, big data acts as the catalyst for doing the various innovations at the time of doing the development of big data in order to incorporate all the strategies to derive the various benefits in the terms of doing the capturing various efficiencies regarding the big data of different sectors. Therefore, all these efficiencies can create the negative impacts that also include the various downsizing of different workforces. Furthermore, the explosion of big data analytics direct various industry actors, policy makers etc in order to view the data as the resources that also have the value that helps in order to boost the economy. For instance, Big Data has largely helped many developed economy such as UK, Japan, etc. Through this tool, the economies are able to collect, transmit, store, analyze and act on the data. As a result, the economies are well able to collect right amount of data related to weather or crop plantings. On the other hand, the history of plant including rainfall, sprayings, etc is easily collected which helps in making effective plan so that best value can be generated. Moreover, through big data, the economies are able to predict the weather for any particular region. Therefore, if they found that there will be high amount of rainfall then they alert the government to prepare themselves to tackle such situation. Social and ethical issues associated with Big Data: Big data helps in doing the implication of various social as well as ethical issues like discrimination, privacy, trusts, manipulation as well as exploitation. Moreover, in doing the description of various big data practices it mainly deals with various data from the people and the human elements that mainly focus on both the moral as well as social codes. Therefore, all these issues are needed in doing the recognition that helps in doing the incorporation of various fundamental ethical and social issues related to the big data practices. Various issues related to the social as well as ethical issues needs to do the recognition that helps the organization in order to incorporate various fundamental ethical as well as social values related to the big data policies and practices. For example, the big data has lead to development of mHealth Alliance which is a public health group. It helps in analyzing the data that has been transmitted from the mobile phones of patients in nations such as South Africa and Bangladesh. Therefore, it helps in providing security and privacy of the patients in healthcare. Moreover, the healthcare is well-connected with the patients and they are able to acquire enough data about the patients well-being. On the other hand, in order to understand the ethical issues, an example will be useful. It has been seen that Snapchat, a mobile messaging tool, has failed in protecting the privacy of message exchanged between two people due to lots of ad popping up. As a result, it raised question on ethicality of the company which badly hit them. On the other hand, WhatsApp worked on No Ads philosophy which helped in protecting the data of messengers. It shows ethical conduct of the company and as a result, the company gained 450 million in quick time as users. Legal issues related to the big data: Both the processing and collection of big data raises to the numbers of legal issues related to the context of contracting, property right and licensing. Therefore, big data causes various implications for doing the data protection as well as privacy that can leads to the numbers of jurisdictions problems. Moreover, the numbers of potential legal issues helps to raise both the negative and positive externalities that include various rights in doing the processing of big data. Legal issues arises mainly in the relation to the context of big data that includes various intellectual rights, contract issues and also the privacy risks associated with the implications of the due process. Furthermore, legal issues also highlight the existing gaps between the legal framework and the technological capabilities based on various uncertain outcomes for the economic development. Legal issues help in doing either the support or control the development of big data industry as well as recognition in the terms of doing the understanding about the framework based on big data. Legal concern has risen with the rise of big data. The States of the nation is well involved in establishing privacy laws in relation to use of big data such as California Online Privacy Protection Act. This helps in protecting the data and pose legal action if anyone found guilty. On the other hand, European Union has also imposed number of laws and restrictions on the companies in regards to the breach of data. Research Methodology According to Mangiameli, (2015), research methodology depicts in doing the overview of various composition of different components regarding the entire research that includes various research approach, research data and design. Therefore, the research design and methodology is mainly deals about the various procedures based on which the researcher becomes able in drawing the conclusion of this particular research study. Hence, the researcher imposes the concentration in doing the recognition of the significance for the every step of the research methods (Minnitt, 2014). In order to analyze the selected information researcher uses several research methodology tools such as research approach, research philosophy, research design, research methods, sample and sampling techniques etc. Research approach Mainly the research studies any one of the two existing research approaches. Moreover, the two research approaches are deductive approaches as well as inductive approaches. The deductive research approaches helps in doing the evaluation of various existing approaches with the various support of data analysis (Sowe Zettsu, 2014). On the other hand, the inductive approach helps in doing the various observations, data analysis, data collection as well as various theory building models. The deductive approach of this particular research study follows various theories, testing of hypothesis, confirmation as well as observation of various objectives of this particular research study. The fundamental reason in doing the adoption of the deductive research approach will be suitable which also involves in this particular research study with the evaluation of the various existing theories about the topic of big data and also the various factors which can causes various impacts in the occurring of big data (Steinhaus, 2014). However, on the other side, both the analysis as well as findings part of the research study justify all the mentioned research theories in doing the relation of the social, legal as well as economical factors of big data. Therefore, depending on current information as well as according to the nature of research study, the deductive approach will become suitable for doing the present research study (Xu, Zhao Wang, 2013). Research Design The research design helps in doing the research study by doing the establishment of suitable framework of the entire research study. The research works helps in doing the research design in order to assemble the various objectives depending on the research study. The researcher helps in doing the adoption descriptive nature of design depending on the present research study (Zurigat, Sartawi Aleassa, 2014). Therefore, the reason in doing the adoption of the descriptive design for this particular research study helps the researcher in the terms of doing the relation of various findings of the research study concerning both the aims as well as objectives. The descriptive nature of the research study also helps it support the researcher with the various research questions including who, what, when and whom of this particular research study. Therefore, due to the descriptive nature of the research designs mainly relates the analysis of quantitative data. The different collected data are evaluated in doing the data analysis sections with the help of various diagrams, graphs, charts etc. Apart from this, this particular research study requires the in-depth description in the terms of doing the conclusion about the various concerning issues regarding big data. Sampling method At the time of doing this particular research study, the techniques of doing sampling is becomes vital purpose, particularly during the gathering various information of primary data with the help of the survey. Moreover, the probability of doing the sampling procedure mainly follows the different aspects like cluster sampling, random sampling and stratified sampling. According to the aim and objectives of this research study, the researcher needs to deal with both the primary as well as secondary data (Zwitter, 2014). On the other side, the sample size mainly implies the numbers of the people who are surveyed in doing the research study. The sample size also depicts the various numbers of the respondents who are chosen to collect the primary data with the help of various questionnaire methods. The researcher therefore, decided to take the 60 respondents as the sample size. It becomes easier to evaluate all the concepts with the various review questions. Data collection method The appropriate data collection method helps the researcher in the terms of doing the achievement of various expected results. Moreover, the process of doing the data collection varies from one research study to the other (Zwitter, 2014). The objectives of the research study helps in doing the evaluation of various impacts of big data in order to establish the link between the objectives of the research study. Furthermore, the precise of data collection also helps in providing the reliable and valid results based on this particular research study. The two different type of data collection methods are primary and secondary data collection methods. The primary collection method mainly evolves with the quantitative method of data analysis. On the other hand, the secondary data are collected from the various historical consequences of data sets. Data analysis In doing, the analysis of data with the help of appropriate analytical tools at the time of the data analysis supports the researcher in order to illustrate the research study. Mainly the selected methods of doing data analysis evolved with various numerical data that are collected from various primary and secondary resources (Zurigat, Sartawi Aleassa, 2014). Moreover, the strengths in doing the research study with the help of survey helps to test both the reliabilities as well as validity of different data. In addition, this particular technique of data analysis is more time consuming in order to collect as well as analyze the data. Ethical issue In order to discuss various ethical issues of the research study may follows various codes of different ethics. This particular code also helps in order to depict the researcher the process to conduct the research study. Conclusion This particular research study mainly concludes various feasibility aspects concerning the big data. It also helps in order to focus all the concerning issues associated with the analysis of big data. Moreover, in this research paper it also discusses about the various issues regarding the concepts of doing the data analysis as well as various ethical issues. This particular study also helps in doing the examination of various impacts of big data on the all the fields of M-Global. All the data needs to be more accurate which will helps in drawing various ideas concerning big data. Reference List Bettencourt, L. (2014). The Uses of Big Data in Cities.Big Data,2(1), 12-22. doi:10.1089/big.2013.0042 Bulbulia, J., Sibley, C., Wilson, M. (2014). Thin and Thinner: Hypothesis-driven Research and the Study of Humans1.Numen,61(2-3), 166-181. doi:10.1163/15685276-12341314 Couldry, N., Powell, A. (2014). Big Data from the bottom up.Big Data Society,1(2). doi:10.1177/2053951714539277 Dhar, V. (2014). Big Data and Predictive Analytics in Health Care.Big Data,2(3), 113-116. doi:10.1089/big.2014.1525 Dhar, V. (2014). Big Data and the Rise of Machines in Financial Markets.Big Data,2(2), 65-67. doi:10.1089/big.2014.1524 Harvey, N., Porter, R. (2014). User-driven sampling strategies in image exploitation.Information Visualization. doi:10.1177/1473871614557659 Hooper, C., Gunn, R. (2013). Recognition as a framework for ethical participatory research: developing a methodology with looked after young people.International Journal Of Social Research Methodology,17(5), 475-488. doi:10.1080/13645579.2012.753980 Hoskins, M. (2014). Big Data 2.0: Cataclysm or Catalyst?.Big Data,2(1), 5-6. doi:10.1089/big.2014.1519 Kitchin, R. (2014). Big Data, new epistemologies and paradigm shifts.Big Data Society,1(1). doi:10.1177/2053951714528481 Mangiameli, G. (2015). BMC Medical Research Methodology reviewer acknowledgement 2014.BMC Medical Research Methodology,15(1). doi:10.1186/s12874-015-0003-4 Minnitt, D. (2014). Sampling 2014What does academia get from Sampling and WCSB conference(s)?.TOS Forum,2014(3), 21. doi:10.1255/tosf.27 Patrinos, H., Savanti, M. (2014). The Screening Hypothesis and the Returns to Schooling in Argentina.Research In Applied Economics,6(3), 28. doi:10.5296/rae.v6i3.5157 Smidth, F. (2014). Sampling 2014an industry perspective.TOS Forum,2014(3), 22. doi:10.1255/tosf.28 Sowe, S., Zettsu, K. (2014). Curating Big Data Made Simple: Perspectives from Scientific Communities.Big Data,2(1), 23-33. doi:10.1089/big.2013.0046 Steinhaus, R. (2014). Sampling 2014A manufacturers perspective.TOS Forum,2014(3), 23. doi:10.1255/tosf.29 Xu, Q., Zhao, Z., Wang, W. (2013). Volume-Based Data Representation of Big Data Analysis.AMR,798-799, 680-684. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.798-799.680 Zurigat, Z., Sartawi, I., Aleassa, H. (2014). Empirical Investigation of Free Cash Flow Hypothesis: Evidence from Jordanian Capital Market.International Business Research,7(3). doi:10.5539/ibr.v7n3p137 Zwitter, A. (2014). Big Data ethics.Big Data Society,1(2). doi:10.1177/2053951714559253

Analysis Of Amazon Management And Work Culture - Case Study

Question: Discuss about the Analysis of Amazon Management and Work Culture. Answer: Introduction: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the case study based on the management and work culture at Amazon. An evaluation of the situation of the work culture at Amazon shall be carried on. Management concepts and theories are evident for every organizational activity (Rosenberg Hansen and Ferlie 2016). It is expected that the leaders and the managers of an organization shall undertake the best approach to carry out the business activities. Thus, the case study shall be related to the management concept and theories. Based on the analysis, certain recommendations can be made that could possibly help the organization to create a better workplace culture for the employees. It is expected that if the management would undertake better managerial approach, the organizational activities shall improve. 2. Analysis of the case study: Reading the case study of Amazon, it has been evident that the organization has been facing some challenges in terms of its management. It has been evident that the employees are not treated well in the organization. The organizational culture has been accused for tearing apart the ideas of the employees and carry out secret transmission of messages (Kantor and Streitfeld 2015). There are serious concerns of sabotage of the employees. Employees suffering from any kind of health issues are not given proper attention and they are treated in a poor manner. The top performers do not get the right level of appreciation that they deserve and the poor performers are usually terminated. It has been found that the CEO, Jeff Bezos does not undertake popular management approaches to improve the organizational culture and workplace atmosphere, instead keeps looking for more innovative and ambitious approaches to increase the profitability of the organization. Technologically, the company has been found to raise high and has provide every nimble of opportunity to the employees that they can carry out their activities with much efficiency. The campus of Amazon is no less than a big tech organization (Kantor and Streitfeld 2015). Thus, it can be said that focus has been made on improving the image of the company among its stakeholders rather than focusing on the internal employees who are responsible for achieving the overall organizational activities. This has significantly made Jeff the fifth wealthiest man. Amazon has been successful in grabbing many customers and has been serving customers well (Kantor and Streitfeld 2015). However, when it comes to treating the employ ees, the online retail giant has failed considerably. The only thing that motivated the employees is the brand image of the company and thinking it Big. The traditional bureaucratic structure of the organization has exhibited employees from creating any control or ownership on the organization. When it comes to monitoring the employees, it has been found that strict control is kept on monitoring the employees of the organization (Kantor and Streitfeld 2015). It has been found that the condition of the warehouses is very poor. The temperature of the warehouses happened to reach more than 100 degree. To save the employees, ambulances were made available to the employees. Thus, it can be easily said that the company always focused on improving their relationship with the customers rather than with the employees. Therefore, it can be said that the management needs to focus on treating the employees right. Application of management theories: With the evaluation of the case study, it has been well recognized that the management lacks the proper approach towards motivating and treating the employees in the right way. Therefore, management theories related to motivating the employees shall be discussed here: Expectancy theory: According to the expectancy theory of management, it is expected that the employees act in a specific way they are treated or motivated at the workplace (Morschett et al. 2015). It is when the employees are motivated in the right way, the desirability of their outcome can be determined (Lindebaum 2016). The theory emphasizes on the factor that the employees should be rewarded on the basis of their performance. This reward could be in terms of incentives or by giving them the right hike in their position. Vroom further explained that when the expectations of the employees are met, there remains better opportunity for the employees to come up with better approach to improve the business activities (George 2015). Leadership style: There are a number of leadership styles that are practiced in an organization. The autocratic and the bureaucratic form of leadership are the traditional forms of leadership that is practices in major organizations (Kersiene and Savaneviciene 2015). However, there needs to changes in the leadership style to incorporate the innovative ideas and thinking of the employees in the organization (Miner 2015). This type of leadership approach is called the transformational or the transactional forms of leadership, where the employees are also given the opportunity to participate in the overall business activities. Conventional leadership: According to the conventional leadership approach, the managers and the leaders focus on the technological perspective of leadership rather than relying on the activities of the employees. These leaders rely on the technological advancement in order to carry out their business activities (Haslam et al. 2014). The leaders are decisive and they do not consult others in the organization before making any kind of decision. They are more focused on the actions and the result rather than taking care of the perspective of the employees. The Schwartz value model: According to this model, there are a number of factors that motivates the employees and creates values among the employees of the organization (Morschett et al. 2015). These are essential approaches that the leader or the manager in an organization needs to make to improve the productivity and the functionality of the organization. For instance, the theory has talked about the conservation and security of the employees (Kantola 2015). It is important to keep a trace of the safety and the conformity of the actions and stability of the employee in the organization. In addition to this, the theory also talks about self-transcendence those talks about preservation and universalism of appreciating the employees when they participate in any major organizational activities (Al Ariss et al. 2014). Recommendations for adapting better strategies: As it has been evident that the employees are not at all satisfied with the organization, the management should focus on improving the situation. In order to improve the organizational situation, a number of strategic recommendations can be suggested here: Better leadership approach: Jeff Bezos has been successful as a businessman and has been able to gather huge fortune for himself but as a leader, he has failed. Therefore, it is highly recommended to undertake a better leadership approach that could support the organizational culture (Modaff et al. 2016). It can be easily said that the employees at Amazon are well qualified, experienced and capable enough to undertake major strategic decisions. Therefore, it is recommended that rather than focusing on conventional and the bureaucratic form of leadership, transformational leadership approach can be undertaken. Better motivational factors: It has been evident that the organization lacks motivation. The employees are not at all satisfied and motivated at the workplace. Therefore, it is highly recommended to come up with certain approaches that would eventually motivate the employees. Apart from the monthly pay, the employees can be benefitted with certain incentives or bonuses (Donaldson et al. 2013). In fact, the employees should also be given certain opportunity to participate in the decision making of the business. This will eventually boost up their morale and spirit to work for their organization. Focusing on the safety measures: It has also been evident that the employees work under certain drastic situations that are not safe for them. These situations, for no doubt reduce the morale of the employees and tend to create a non-performing attitude among them. This has been evident among the employees of Amazon (Touboulic and Walker 2015). They have to work under certain situations that are very unsafe. Therefore, it is highly recommended that the management should undertake certain approach to make the organization a safer place for the employees to work. Conclusion: The study had focused on the management style and the leadership approach at Amazon. It has been evident that the employees are not satisfied working at the organization. The leadership approach and the organizational culture can be considered as the most evident reasons behind the poor condition of the management. Understanding the management concepts and theories, it can be said that the leadership approach is creating hindrance in the organization. The management also does not undertake any kind of motivational approach to motivate the employees. In addition to this, the organization is more focused towards the technological perspective rather than focusing on the needs of the employees. Keeping these situations into consideration, a number of recommendations have been made. It is expected that the management should focus on the leadership and the motivational factors of the employees. If the managers undertake these approaches, it can be said that the organizational situation wou ld change. References: Al Ariss, A., Cascio, W.F. and Paauwe, J., 2014. Talent management: Current theories and future research directions.Journal of World Business,49(2), pp.173-179. Donaldson, L., Qiu, J. and Luo, B.N., 2013. For rigour in organizational management theory research.Journal of Management Studies,50(1), pp.153-172. George, G., 2015. Expanding context to redefine theories: Africa in management research.Management and Organization Review,11(01), pp.5-10. Haslam, S.A., van Knippenberg, D., Platow, M.J. and Ellemers, N. eds., 2014.Social identity at work: Developing theory for organizational practice. Psychology Press. Kantola, J., 2015.Organizational Resource Management: Theories, Methodologies, and Applications. CRC Press. Kantor, J. and Streitfeld, D., 2015. Inside Amazon: Wrestling big ideas in a bruising workplace.New York Times,15, pp.74-80. Kersiene, K. and Savaneviciene, A., 2015. The Formation and Management of Organizational Competence Based on CrossCultural Perspective.Engineering Economics,65(5). Lindebaum, D., 2016. Critical Essay: Building new management theories on sound data? The case of neuroscience.human relations,69(3), pp.537-550. Miner, J.B., 2015.Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge. Modaff, D.P., Butler, J.A. and DeWine, S.A., 2016.Organizational communication: Foundations, challenges, and misunderstandings. Pearson. Morschett, D., Schramm-Klein, H. and Zentes, J., 2015.Strategic international management. Springer. Rosenberg Hansen, J. and Ferlie, E., 2016. Applying strategic management theories in public sector organizations: Developing a Typology.Public Management Review,18(1), pp.1-19. Touboulic, A. and Walker, H., 2015. Theories in sustainable supply chain management: a structured literature review.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management,45(1/2), pp.16-42.

Twins and genetics Essay Example For Students

Twins and genetics Essay Behavioral genetics is a field of research that investigates the relative effects of heredity and environment on behavior and ability (Plomin, 1997). Two of the primary methods used by behavioral geneticists are the twin study method, first used by Galton (1975) in his studies of heredity, and the adoption method. In the twin study method, researchers studies identical twins (monozygotic twins) and fraternal twins (dizygotic twins) to determine how much they resemble each other on a variety of characteristics. Identical twins have exactly the same genes because a single sperm cell of the father fertilizers a single egg of the mother, forming a cell that then splits and forms two human beings-carbon copies. But fraternal twins are no more alike genetically than any two siblings born in the same parents. We will write a custom essay on Twins and genetics specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In the case of fraternal twins, two separate sperm cells fertilize two separate eggs that happen to be released at the same time during ovulation. Twins, who are raised together, whether identical or fraternal, have similar environments. If identical twins raised together are found to be more alike than fraternal twins on a certain trait, then that trait is assumed to be more influenced by heredity. But if identical twins and fraternal twins from similar environments do not differ on a trait, then that trait is assumed to be influenced more by environment. In the adopting method, behavioral geneticists study children adopted shortly after birth. By comparing their abilities and personality traits to those o their adoptive family members with whom they live and those of their biological parents whom they may have met, researchers can disentangle the effect of heredity and environment (Plomin et al. , 1988). Adoptive research has assembled the Minnesota Twin Registry, which in 1998 included over 20,000 twin pairs (Bouchard, 1998). Probably the best way to assess the relative contributions of heredity and environment is to study identical twins that have been separated at birth and raised apart. Although it seems amazing, researchers have found that identical twins that are brought up in the same family are no more alike as adults that are identical twins who are reared apart. When separated twins are found to have strikingly similar traits, it is assumed that heredity has been a major contributor to those traits heredity, and the adoption method. One of the most extensive investigation of twins raised in separate homes is the Minnesota Study of Twins reared apart, which over the past 20 years has studied hundreds of twin pairs who were separated early in life (Bouchard, 1994; Finkel et al. , 1995). This study, like others of its kind, has consistently found such striking psychological and behavioral similarities between monozygotic twins that the important role of genes in personality development can no longer be denied. Typical is the case of Oskar Stohr and Jack Yufe, identical twins born of a Jewish father and Christian mother in Trinidad in the 1930s. Soon after their birth, Oskar was taken to Nazi Germany by his mother to be raised as a Catholic in a household consisting mostly of women. Jack was raised as a Jew by his father, spending his childhood in the Caribbean and some of his adolescence in Israel. On the face of it, it would be difficult to imagine two more disparate cultural backgrounds. And when the twins were reunited in middle age, they certainly had their differences. Oskar was married and a devoted union member; Jack was divorced and the owner of a store in southern California. But when the brothers met for the first time in Minnesota, Similarities started cropping up as soon as Oskar arrived at the airport. Both were wearing wire-rimmed glasses and mustaches, both sported two-pocket shirts with epaulet. They share idiosyncrasies galore: they like spicy foods and sweet liqueurs, are absentminded, have a habit of falling asleep in front of the television, think its funny to sneeze in a crowd of strangers, flush the toilet before using it, store rubber bands on their wrists, read magazines from back to front, dip buttered toast in their coffee. Oskar is domineering toward women and yells at his wife, which Jack did before he was separated. .uafaa19832f3dd8baf048c3bea4d50229 , .uafaa19832f3dd8baf048c3bea4d50229 .postImageUrl , .uafaa19832f3dd8baf048c3bea4d50229 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uafaa19832f3dd8baf048c3bea4d50229 , .uafaa19832f3dd8baf048c3bea4d50229:hover , .uafaa19832f3dd8baf048c3bea4d50229:visited , .uafaa19832f3dd8baf048c3bea4d50229:active { border:0!important; } .uafaa19832f3dd8baf048c3bea4d50229 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uafaa19832f3dd8baf048c3bea4d50229 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uafaa19832f3dd8baf048c3bea4d50229:active , .uafaa19832f3dd8baf048c3bea4d50229:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uafaa19832f3dd8baf048c3bea4d50229 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uafaa19832f3dd8baf048c3bea4d50229 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uafaa19832f3dd8baf048c3bea4d50229 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uafaa19832f3dd8baf048c3bea4d50229 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uafaa19832f3dd8baf048c3bea4d50229:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uafaa19832f3dd8baf048c3bea4d50229 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uafaa19832f3dd8baf048c3bea4d50229 .uafaa19832f3dd8baf048c3bea4d50229-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uafaa19832f3dd8baf048c3bea4d50229:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Frankenstein A model of English Romanticism Essay Holden, 1980 Their scores on several psychological tests were very .